Cambridge 18 Academic Reading Test 4

READING PASSAGE 1

Questions 1-5

Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

1 mention of several challenges to be overcome before a green roof can be installed

A B C D E

2 reference to a city where green roofs have been promoted for many years

A B C D E

3 a belief that existing green roofs should be used as a model for new ones

A B C D E

4 examples of how green roofs can work in combination with other green urban initiatives

A B C D E

5 the need to make a persuasive argument for the financial benefits of green roofs

A B C D E

Questions 6-9

Complete the summary below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.

Advantages of green roofs

City rooftops covered with greenery have many advantages. These include lessening the likelihood that floods will occur, reducing how much money is spent on 6 and creating environments that are suitable for wildlife. In many cases, they can also be used for producing 7 .

There are also social benefits of green roofs. For example, the medical profession recommends 8 as an activity to help people cope with mental health issues. Studies have also shown that the availability of green spaces can prevent physical problems such as 9.

Questions 10 and 11

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 10 and 11 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO advantages of using newer buildings for green roofs are mentioned in Paragraph C of the passage?

A a longer growing season for edible produce

B more economical use of water

C greater water-storage capacity

D ability to cultivate more plant types

E a large surface area for growing plants

Questions 12 and 13

Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO aims of new variations on the concept of green roofs are mentioned in Paragraph E of the passage?

A to provide habitats for a wide range of species

B to grow plants successfully even in the wettest climates

C to regulate the temperature of the immediate environment

D to generate power from a sustainable source

E to collect water to supply other buildings

READING PASSAGE 2

Questions 14-16

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 14-16 on your answer sheet

14 What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A where the notion of innate intelligence first began

B when ideas about the nature of intelligence began to shift

C how scientists have responded to changing views of intelligence

D why thinkers turned away from the idea of intelligence being fixed

15 The second paragraph describes how schools encourage students to

A identify their personal ambitions.

B help each other to realise their goals.

C have confidence in their potential to succeed.

D concentrate on where their particular strengths lie.

16 In the third paragraph, the writer suggests that students with a fixed mindset

A tend to be less competitive.

B generally have a low sense of self-esteem.

C will only work hard if they are given constant encouragement.

D are afraid to push themselves beyond what they see as their limitations.

Questions 17-22

Look at the following statements (Questions 17-22) and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person or people, A-E.

Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

List of People

A Alfred Binet

B Carol Dweck

C Andrew Gelman

D Timothy Bates

E David Yeager and Gregory Walton

17 The methodology behind the growth mindset studies was not strict enough.

A B C D E

18 The idea of the growth mindset has been incorrectly interpreted.

A B C D E

19 Intellectual ability is an unchangeable feature of each individual.

A B C D E

20 The growth mindset should be promoted without students being aware of it.

A B C D E

21 The growth mindset is not simply about boosting students’ morale.

A B C D E

22 Research shows that the growth mindset has no effect on academic achievement.

A B C D E

Questions 23-26

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

23 Dweck has handled criticisms of her work in an admirable way.

YES NO NG

24 Students’ self-perception is a more effective driver of self-confidence than actual achievement is.

YES NO NG

25 Recent evidence about growth mindset interventions has attracted unfair coverage in the media.

YES NO NG

26 Deliberate attempts to encourage students to strive for high achievement may have a negative effect.

YES NO NG

READING PASSAGE 3

Questions 27-30

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet, write

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

27 Wegener’s ideas about continental drift were widely disputed while he was alive.

YES NO NG

28 The idea that the continents remained fixed in place was defended in a number of respected scientific publications.

YES NO NG

29 Wegener relied on a limited range of scientific fields to support his theory of continental drift.

YES NO NG

30 The similarities between Wegener’s theory of continental drift and modern-day plate tectonics are enormous.

YES NO NG

Questions 31-36

Complete the summary using the list of phrases, A-J, below.

Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 31-36 on your answer sheet.

Wegener’s life and work

One of the remarkable things about Wegener from a 31 is that although he proposed a theory of continental drift, he was not a geologist. His 32 were limited to atmospheric physics. However, at the time he proposed his theory of continental drift in 1912, he was already a person of 33 . Six years previously, there had been his 34 of 52 hours in a hot-air balloon, followed by his well-publicised but 35 of Greenland’s coast. With the publication of his textbook on thermodynamics, he had also come to the attention of a 36 of German scientists.

A. modest fame	B. vast range	C. record-breaking achievement
D. research methods	E. select group	F. professional interests
G. scientific debate	H. hazardous exploration	I. biographer’s perspective
J. narrow investigation

Questions 37-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37 What is Mott T Greene doing in the fifth paragraph?

A describing what motivated him to write the book

B explaining why it is desirable to read the whole book

C suggesting why Wegener pursued so many different careers

D indicating what aspects of Wegener’s life interested him most

38 What is said about Wegener in the sixth paragraph?

A He was not a particularly ambitious person.

B He kept a record of all his scientific observations.

C He did not adopt many of the scientific practices of the time.

D He enjoyed discussing new discoveries with other scientists.

39 What does Greene say about some other famous scientists?

A Their published works had a greater impact than Wegener’s did.

B They had fewer doubts about their scientific ideas than Wegener did.

C Their scientific ideas were more controversial than Wegener’s.

D They are easier subjects to write about than Wegener.

40 What is Greene’s main point in the final paragraph?

A It is not enough in life to have good intentions.

B People need to plan carefully if they want to succeed.

C People have little control over many aspects of their lives.

D It is important that people ensure they have the freedom to act.

Questions 1-5

Advantages of green roofs

Questions 14-16

Questions 27-30

Wegener’s life and work

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